Method and apparatus for the production of a mixture of a fuel and a liquid addition, for example oil



July 17, 1956 G. w. CLEMENS 2,754,837

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A MIXTURE OF A FUEL AND ALIQUID ADDITION, FOR EXAMPLE on Filed April 22, 1952 VARIABLE SPEEDTRANSMISSION Guenther W Cle mens Inventor 7 Attorney United fil ratesMETHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUC- TION OF A MIXTURE OF A FUEL AND ALIQUID ADDITION, FOR EXAMPLE 01L The present invention refers to anapparatus for the production of a mixture of fuel (gasoline) and aliquid addition, e. g. oil.

In particular types of internal combustion engines for automotivevehicles and likewise for motorcycles, especially in two-strke engines,a definite quantity of oil is admixed with the fuel, said oil serving tolubricate the cylinder walls of the internal combustion engine. However,it is also possible to add benzol to the gasoline. In the followingdescription of the present invention only the addition of oil will bediscussed in detail, as this addition is more difficult on account ofthe viscosity of the oil.

For dispensing blends of fuel and oil to be used in two-stroke enginesseveral types of installations have become known besides the so-calledmixing can and special pumps dispensing pre-blended mixtures. Theseappliances serve to sell blends of no matter what composition, the oilas such being added to the fuel in order to prepare directly two-strokeblends. An essential disadvantage of these methods and appliancesconsists in the difiiculty and/or impossibility of conveying, dosing,and measuring the oil which is likely to become very viscous,particularly at low temperatures.

One of the main purposes of the invention consists in creating a methodand apparatus permitting separate storage of fuel and oil, proper dosageand lasting mixture of the two components at any time in any desiredquantity, even at low temperatures. The preparation of the mixture maybe effected, for example in connection with an electrically operatedpump of customary design which need only be fitted with a correspondingsupplementary apparatus and will then be able to dispense optionallyunblended fuel or fuel blend.

The present invention consists in that fuel is led, for the purpose ofpreparing a certain quantity of pre-blended mixture of fuel and oil,into the suction side of a conveying apparatus, for example of a gearedpum and that the fuel flows through the conveying apparatussimultaneously with the oil sucked in from the storage container, sothat accordingly an intimate mixture of the two components is achieved.This pre-blended mixture which is a thin and easily conveyable liquid isthen added in the desired quantity to the fuel preferably directly atthe discharge nozzle wherever the full-hose system is being used.

According to one form of execution of the invention a definite quantityof fuel proportional to the predetermined quantity of oil is taken fromthe fuel being fed to the nozzle. This portion of the fuel is led intothe suction side of a conveying apparatus through which it flowstogether with the sucked-in oil and in which it is blended with the oilto form the pro-blended mixture. This preblended mixture is thereuponadded to the fuel flow.

This method eliminates the disadvantage common with the methods andappliances previously known, i. e. that the oil has a very lowviscosity, particularly at low temperatures, and cannot be conveyed atall, or only with great difficulties. In the pre-blended mixture fueland oil are already mixed. Accordingly, the pre-blended mixture is athin and easily conveyable liquid; consequently the dosage of theunblended fuel and of the fuel blend is possible even during the coldseason without any difiiculties.

In the attached drawing an apparatus for the practical execution of themethod according to the present invention is represented as an example,said apparatus being capable of being used in connection with a fueldispensing pump.

One part of the drawing marked oif and designated A represents a dosingdevice having the task of properly dosing by means of a dispenser 1(volumeter and/ or flow motor) and a mixture proportioner 2 a definitequantity of a pre-blended mixture of fuel and oil proportional to thefuel flow in the desired mixing ratio by means of a control or dosingdevice 3.

Another part of the drawing marked otf and designated B represents thedischarge nozzle, viz, the discharge valve 5 and hoses 4 and 6 forunblended fuel and for the preblended mixture, respectively. Fuel andoil, when dispensed according to the full-hose principle, are ledtogether directly at the discharge nozzle, so that, if unblended fuel,or a blend of a definite composition is asked for one avoids theremainder of the preceding discharge having a different compositionstill being con tained in the hose, with the effect that the requestedunblended fuel or fuel blend would be contaminated with said remainders.It is obvious that the two hoses may also be arranged one inside theother or one next to the other in a combined twin hose.

The third group marked off and designated C represents that part of thedevice in which the pre-blended mixture is prepared. It consists of anoil container 7, a foot valve 8, pump 10 with suction piping 9, pressurepipe 12 and motor 11, a by-pass 13 with relief-valve 14, dispenser 15(volumeter with indicating dial mechanism 16), connection pipe 17, fuelpipe 13, fuel proportioner 19 with transfer mechanism 20 actuated bydispenser 15, and fuel pipe 21 to suction pipe 9.

Fuel proportioner 19 may be controlled, after elimination of thedispenser 15, directly from dispenser 1. It is even possible, afterelimination of one or both dispensers, 1 and 15, respectively, toactuate the appertaining proportioners 2 and 15!, respectively, directlyfrom the volumeter of the pumps. Pump 10 with motor 11 may suitably bearranged inside of or on top of the oil container 7.

In the apparatus illustrated, and described above, the dispensers 1 and15 and the mixture proportioners 2 and 19 each may be an oval gear,positive placement device of the type as manufactured by Bopp andReuther of Mannheim-Waldorf, Germany, or a nutating disc device asmanufactured by the Buffalo Meter Co., 2917 Main St., Buffalo, N. Y.,sold under the trade name Niagara and illustrated and described inBulletin 30 published by the Buflialo Meter Co., in July 1950. Asdescribed in the bulletin referred to, such equipment may be employednot only for registering flow in a main flow line but also as a means tocontrol proportional flow in a related flow line. If one such devicedrives another of the same or similar nature, the first functions as amotor, and the other as a pump. This relationship is indicated in thedrawing between the driving elements 1 and 15, and the pump elements 2and 19. In the drawing also, the dosing device 3 is a geared variablespeed motion transmission means, wherein a shaft connection from thefluid motor 1 drives a shaft connection to the pump element 2 throughany selected combination of gears provided by the transmission means. Atransmission means of the character contemplated is designated by thenurn- 3 eral 26 in the drawing of German Patent No. 663,406, datedAugust 5, 1938.

The connection between the motor or driving mechanism 15 and the pumpmechanism 19, as stated, is similar to that between the similar devices1 and 2 respectively. In this arrangement, however, the driving anddriven shafts are directly connected through the transfer mechanism 20.As shown, a bevel gear on the shaft between 15 and 19 meshes with abevel gear mounted on the drive shaft of an indicating or recordinginstrument such as designated by the numeral 16.

The device functions as follows: Motor 11 of the pump 10 is suitablyconnected in such a manner, that it starts operating only prior to thedispensing of blended or unblended fuel. If unblended fuel is dispensed,it flows through the metering device of a dispensing pump not shown andthrough volumeter 1 or through a secondary pipe line (not shown in thedrawing) by-passing volumeter 1 and subsequently through dispensing hose4 to dispensing nozzle 5. The proportioner 2 being adjusted to zero bymeans of dosage apparatus 3 blocks the passage of pre-blended mixture.Simultaneously pump 10 does not operate at all or circulates the liquidthrough by-pass pipe 13. In the other parts of the system, both fuel andoil are at rest.

If, however, the dosage apparatus 3 is adjusted for dispensing atwo-stroke mixture containing in parts of oil, and if the pre-blendedmixture to be prepared is to consist, for example of as many parts ofoil as of fuel, proportioner 2 sucks in, by way of connection pipe 17and dispenser 15, a quantity equivalent to 2m parts of pre-blendedmixture from pressure pipe 12 of pump 10. At the same time dispenser 15by means of the transfer gear mechanism 20 actuates fuel proportioner 19which is so adjusted that it draws in parts of fuel from the fuel flowleaving volumeter 1 and which are led by way of 18 and 21 into thesuction pipe 9 of pump 10. As a quantity of pre-blended mixtureequivalent to 2m parts is being drawn off from the suction side of thepump and only a quantity equivalent to in parts of fuel is being fed tothe suction side, an additional quantity equivalent to m parts of oilmust be sucked in by way of suction valve 8 from the oil container 7.Accordingly, it is possible to directly read off the quantity ofunblended oil fed to the pump 10 from the dial mechanism 16. This meansthat from every 100 parts of fuel flowing out of volumeter 1 in parts offuel are being drawn off, while, on the other hand, immediately ahead ofthe dispensing nozzle and by way of pre-blended mixture proportioner 2and hose 6 a quantity equivalent to 2m parts of oil and fuel is beingfed to the discharge nozzle. Accordingly, the mixture dispensed fromdischarge nozzle 5 contains m parts of oil.

If other liquid admixtures, for example benzol, are used, the technicalnovelty of the invention consists in that only one pump is required forsimultaneously dispensing two types of fuels. It is obvious that it isalso possible to arrange for a combination by using one and the samepump for dispensing fuel to which, for example, oil and benzol have beenadded.

What is claimed is:

1. An apparatus for delivering proportional mixtures of liquidmaterials, including a source of supply for a primary liquid and a firstconduit therefrom to a point of delivery, and a source of supply for asecondary liquid, which comprises a means for forming an initial mixtureof a minor portion of the total primary liquid delivered and a totalportion of said secondary liquid proportional to said total primaryliquid at said point of delivery; a second conduit for said initialmixture, communicating between said means for forming the initialmixture and said first conduit; 21 first proportioning pump connected insaid second conduit; a flow actuated driving means for driving saidfirst pump connected in said first conduit and actuated by fiow ofprimary liquid therethrough; a first conduit connection between saidfirst conduit and said means for forming said initial mixture; at secondproportioning pump in said first conduit connection; a fiow actuateddriving means for driving said second pump connected in said secondconduit; a second conduit connection between said supply source forsecondary liquid and said means for forming said initial mixture; andmeans for regulating said first proportioning pump to supply saidinitial mixture to said first conduit in which said secondary liquid ispresent in a predetermined proportion to the total primary liquid.

2. A method for delivering a proportionally blended mixture of a primaryliquid and a secondary liquid, characterized by the fact that saidsecondary liquid is added to and blended with said primary liquidsubstantially at the point of delivery of said blended mixture as apreblended mixture of proportioned parts of said primary and secondaryliquids, which comprises passing a stream of said primary liquid througha first confined fiow path to a point of delivery of a blended mixtureof primary and secondary liquids, withdrawing a portion of said primaryliquid from said first confined flow path upstream from said point ofdelivery and introducing said withdrawn portion of said primary liquidinto a second confined flow path, introducing a portion of saidsecondary liquid into said second confined fiow path and forming thereina preblended mixture of said primary and secondary liquids, passing astream of said preblended mixture of primary and secondary liquidsthrough said second confined flow path, regulating volumetric flow ofsaid stream of preblended mixture through said second confined flow pathaccording to and in proportion to the total volumetric flow of saidstream of primary liquid through said first confined flow path,discharging said stream of preblended mixture from said second confinedflow path and combining said discharged stream of the preblended mixturewith said stream of primary liquid downstream from the point ofwithdrawal of primary liquid from said first confined flow path, thewithdrawal of primary liquid from said first confined flow path beingregulated in proportion to the volumetric flow of said preblendedmixture through said second confined fiow path, and introduction of saidsecondary liquid being maintained at a rate'substantially equal to thedifference between the total volume of said preblended mixturedischarged into and combined with said stream of primary liquid, and thevolume of said primary liquid introduced into said second confined flowpath. 5

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS976,148 Caps Nov. 22, 1910 1,789,386 Kalle Ian. 20, 1931 1,977,171Clithero Oct. 16, 1934 2,065,128 Eisinger Dec. 22, 1936 2,233,965Strovink Mar. 4, 1941 2,262,031 Meyer Nov. 11, 1941 2,543,941 SargentMar. 6, 1951

1. AN APPARATUS FOR DELIVERING PROPORTIONAL MIXTURES OF LIQUIDMATERIALS, INCLUDING A SOURCE OF SUPPLY FOR A PRIMARY LIQUID AND A FIRSTCONDUIT THEREFROM TO A POINT OF DELIVERY, AND A SOURCE OF SUPPLY FOR ASECONDARY LIQUID, WHICH COMPRISES A MEANS FOR FORMING AN INITIAL MIXTUREOF A MINOR PORTION OF THE TOTAL PRIMARY LIQUID DELIVERED AND A TOTALPORTION OF SAID SECONDARY LIQUID PROPORTIONAL TO SAID TOTAL PRIMARYLIQUID AT SAID POINT OF DELIVERY; A SECOND CONDUIT FOR SAID INITALMIXTURE, COMMUNICATING BETWEEN SAID MEANS FOR FORMING THE INITIALMIXTURE AND SAID FIRST CONDUIT; A FIRST PROPORT IONING PUMP CONNECTED INSAID SECOND CONDUIT; A FLOW ACTUATED DRIVING MEANS DELIVERING SAID FIRSTPUMP CONNECTED IN SAID FIRST CONDUIT AND ACTUATED BY FLOW OF PRIMARYLIQUID THERETHROUGH; A FIRST CONDUIT CONNECTED BETWEEN SAID FIRSTCONDUIT AND SAID MEANS FOR FORMING SAID INITIAL MIXTURE; A SECONDPROPORTIONING PUMP IN SAID FIRST CONDUIT CONNECTION; A FLOW ACTUATEDDRIVING MEANS FOR DRIVING SAID SECOND PUMP CONNECTED IN SAID SECONDCONDUIT; A SECOND CONDUIT CONNECTION BETWEEN SAID SUPPLY SOURCE FORSECONDARY LIQUID AND SAID MEANS FOR FORMING SAID INITIAL MIXTURE; ANDMEANS FOR REGULATING SAID FIRST POROPORTIONING PUMP TO SUPPLY SAIDINITIAL MIXTURE TO SAID FIRST CONDUIT IN WHICH SAID SECONDARY LIQUID ISPRESENT IN A PREDETERMINED PROPORTION TO THE TOTAL PRIMARY LIQUID.